Perugino, byname of Pietro di Cristoforo Vannucci  (b. c. 1450, Città della Pieve, near Perugia, Romagna [Italy]—d. , February/March 1523, Fontignano, near Perugia), Italian Renaissance painter of the Umbria school and the teacher of Raphael. His work (e.g., Giving of the Keys to St. Peter, 1481–82, a fresco in the Sistine Chapel in Rome) anticipated High Renaissance ideals in its compositional clarity, sense of spaciousness, and economy of formal elements. Nothing is known for certain of Perugino’s early training, but he may have been a pupil of Fiorenzo ...

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